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The Group of Monuments at Mamallapuram, in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, takes its name from Mamalla, a title of the Pallava ruler Narasimhavarman I (630-668 CE). The port town served as a hub of maritime trade to Southeast Asia as early as the time of Periplus (1st century AD) and Ptolemy (140 AD), with architectural activity at the site beginning under Mahendravarman I (600-630 CE).
The complex includes the Five Rathas, monolithic temples carved from single rocks in square, rectangular and apsidal plans and named after the Pandava brothers; the Shore Temple, a structural complex of three interconnected shrines built under Rajasimha (700-728 CE); rock-cut cave temples including the Varaha Mandapa, Mahishamardini Mandapa and Adivaraha Cave; and celebrated relief sculptures such as Arjuna's Penance and the Govardhanadhari and Mahishasuramardini panels.
The site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1984 as the 'Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram', recognising its exceptional testimony to Pallava art and architecture.
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